Waqf fundraising through money in the industrial revolution 4.0 era: A case study on Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia

Only a few institutions are professionals in managing waqf in West Kalimantan Province. Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia Foundation (BMI) is present as one solution for people who want to donate their fund’s waqf through money in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Having only been established for three years, BMI has managed to raise funds cash waqf of Rp. 2.9 billion. This paper aims to explain the strategies and constraints faced by BMI in collecting endowment funds through money in the digital age. By using the type of field research and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and Focus Grup Discussion (FGD), there are two research results in this paper. First, the strategies used by BMI in developing cash waqf in the digital age are companies through social media (Facebook pages and Instagram) and tablig. Kampanye through social media is the most dominant strategy used by BMI and has enormous potential. Secondly, the obstacle felt by BMI in managing and developing cash waqf is negative perceptions from the community (external obstacle). Based on the results of this study, the authors argue that marketing through social media not only has positive implications for-profit institutions but also non-profit institutions such as BMI in collecting and managing cash waqf in Indonesia. results in this study offer a waqf fundraising model through money in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Social media that are used by the majority of the Muslim population in Indonesia, can not only be used as a medium for establishing a friendship, getting information and conducting buying and selling transactions but can also be used in religious activities. Therefore, the authors argue that marketing through social media not only has positive implications for for-profit institutions but also non-profit institutions such as BMI in collecting and managing cash waqf in Indonesia.

The great potential of this monetary waqf is not in line with the funds collected and the benefits felt by the Muslim community. The impact of monetary waqf funds in Islamic philanthropy has not been able to significantly minimize poverty rates in Indonesia, particularly in West Kalimantan Province. Based on data from the poor population in West Kalimantan Province in -2019(Badan Pusat Statistik, 2019, it is seen that poverty rates in West Kalimantan Province have fluctuated. In semester 2 of 2017, the poverty rate had dropped from 9.28% to 9.09%, then increased again in semester 1 of 2018 to 9.16%. The same situation also occurred in 2018 to 2019. The poverty rate dropped from 9.16% (semester 1 of 2018) to 8.84% (semester 2 of 2018), then rose again to 9.05% in semester 1 of 2019. The ups and downs of poverty in The West Kalimantan Province at least can show that monetary waqf instruments have not been able to significantly reduce the high poverty rate in West Kalimantan Province.
One of the factors causing the lack of exploration of potential waqf is the lack of knowledge dissemination about waqf (Muntaqo, 2015: 92), even more so these days increasingly sophisticated technology. Besides, there are still a few awqaf that are managed professionally and productively (Berakon and Irsad, 2017: 28). If socialization and management only use conventional methods, then waqf will be left behind and its potential cannot be explored to the full. Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia is present as one solution for people who want to donate their cash waqf in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Besides, there are more creative programs from BMI by utilizing technological developments in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. One of the programs is waqf through money (also known as cash waqf in this paper). BMI already has an unusually large income through cash waqf. The number of waqf receipts through this money can be seen based on BMI's final financial report dated 31 December 2018, amounting to Rp. 2,993,050,577.64 (BMI Financial Report dated 31 December 2018). The number of waqf through this amount of money indicates that the amount of public trust in BMI as a fundraiser and manager of cash waqf. This cannot be separated from management and programs professionally managed by BMI. Therefore, this paper is very important to study and research.

BMI is an official
The are some studies related to cash waqf. The first mentioned in this research is a study in Malaysia. Judging from its products, Malaysia has experience in implementing creative waqf products. Asmak Ab Rahman Ahmad and Wan Marhaini Wan (2011: 203) has examined the concept of waqf that is applied in insurance products. Malaysia has combined the concept of waqf with a takāful agreement and applies it to insurance products. The Takāful Malaysia Berhad Company, as a pioneer in takāful products in Malaysia, named the product the Takāful-Waqf Plan. Whereas a country like Nigeria, integration of waqf into insurance products is only just a proposal contained in the results of research conducted by 'Abdulwahab Muhammad Jami'u Elesin (2017: 223). In Indonesia, there are several research results relating to the management of cash waqf, including the results of research from Qi Mangku Bahjatulloh (2015), Moch. Cholid Wardi (2016), and Khurun'in Zahro', et al. (2020).
In Malaysia, the takāful industry is developing with several methods such as mudhārabah, The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the strategies and constraints faced by BMI in raising waqf funds through money in the industrial revolution 4.0 era.

Research method
This paper uses field research. Facts and field data referred to in this study are directly taken from the BMI Foundation having its address at Jalan Sui Raya Dalam Gang Imaduddin trade, tourism, transportation, construction, finance, and so on. The beneficiary of this change is not the system, but the users of the system (Chou, 2019: 111). This is what BMI tries to use to raise waqf funds through money.

Waqf fundraising strategy through money
There are two strategies used by BMI to raise waqf through money, namely campaigns through social media and tabliq (The results of interviews with the Director of BMI, M. Imam Muttaqin, on 22 August 2019). Between the two types of strategies, campaigns through social media are the most dominant strategies used by BMI and have enormous potential compared to the tabliq strategy. That's because people now use social media more than others. Muttaqin believes that people are more familiar with their cellphones (social media) than their neighbors. Therefore, online media is very influential in preaching today, as well as at BMI.
Social behavior is the impact of changing times and places in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 (Hakim, 2014: 59). Religious institutions such as BMI must be able to respond to these changes. For more details about the two waqf fundraising strategies through money used by BMI, the author can explain as follows:

Campaign through Social Media
Social Media is a two-way communication through writing, photos, audio, and video that is Some potential and convenience in social media are also put to good use by BMI as a community empowerment agency engaged in the Ziswaf field. Promotions or campaigns through social media are used by BMI in waqf fundraising strategies through money. Muttaqin even emphasized that campaigning through social media is the most dominant strategy used by BMI and has enormous potential and promises when compared to other strategies.
Before campaigning waqf through money using social media, BMI first planned the object to be used for waqf through the money. After the object is determined and the amount of funds needed has been budgeted, then BMI campaigns or promotes to the Muslim community through social and oral media. Waqf funds through money collected, then used to buy materials used to build waqf-based infrastructure. The infrastructure that is built from waqf funds through the money is infrastructure managed by BMI and other propaganda infrastructure affiliated with BMI, and can also be used to renovate offices and its kind.
There are two social media that are often used by BMI in campaigning for cash waqf, namely Facebook and Instagram. The address for campaigning for cash waqf on Facebook Page can be accessed on the Gerakan Wakaf Produktif and Instagram on @ munzalan.id to find out more about the information and content that has been disseminated in the BMI social media account. In addition, BMI also uses social media in the form of WhatsApp to follow up on all the information and content. The social media in the form of WhatsApp is used as customer service with contact numbers 081381295252 and 081254903375.

Source: @munzalan.id (21 August 2019)
One of the contents is the waqf campaign through money through the need for bricks to build Munzalan Tower. The content can be seen in the image above. The price of one brick is Rp. 9,000. BMI made a 9 brick package content of Rp. 81,000. Waqf through money collected through campaigns through social media is then spent to buy building materials or tools, in this case, is brick. If building materials or tools are available, BMI continues to develop waqf-based infrastructure through this money.
The strategy undertaken by BMI is not only conducting campaigns through social media or interested Muslim communities that can come directly at the BMI Office. However, BMI preserves and maintains data that has been entered to be followed up for each boasting.  (Oktarina and Asnaini, 2018: 121-22).

Tablig
On the website https://kbbi.web.id/tablig accessed on August 29, 2019, the word "tablig" is etymologically meaningful 'broadcasting Islamic teachings' and 'delivery.' In terminology, Moh. Ali Aziz (2012: 20) defines tabliq is one part of the Islamic da'wah system by conveying and broadcasting Islamic messages carried out by individuals and groups verbally and in writing. Meanwhile, according to Muhiddin (2002: 63), tabliq is an effort to convey the teachings of God to His servants by informing, spreading and teaching His teachings to others to enlighten the mind and soothe the conscience.
Tablig is one of the four characteristics of the prophet, besides being honest (şiddīq), responsible (amānah), and intelligent (fat} ānah). These four characters must be emulated by every Muslim to improve themselves in behavior (Huda and Ispriyarso, 2019: 161). The legal basis for this tablig is contained in the word of Allah in Surah Al-Maidah verse 67 as follows: The above verse according to Sayyid Quthub, as quoted by Baharuddin Ali (2014: 128), is intended for the Prophet Muhammad in connection with the book expert. In this verse, Allah commanded the Prophet Muhammad to carry out the tablig as well as possible. In addition to the Messenger of Allah, the tablig's orders were also charged to his people according to their respective abilities. This is as the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad who reads: "Convey from me, even though one verse." (HR. Bukhari No. 3461) Tablig obligation is practiced by BMI as a community empowerment organization engaged in the Ziswaf field and is used as one of the strategies in developing cash waqf.
This is based on the results of researchers' interviews with the Managing Director of BMI, M. Imam Muttaqin. Muttaqin explained that when the BMI held various events, seminars, FGDs, private courses, training, recitation, and its kind, at the end of the session, the BMI usually told the congregation to set aside their assets to be presented to the BMI whose results could be used for benefit people (Hakim, 2016: 2).
There is some BMI management who become resource persons or mentors in various

The constraints in raising waqf funds through money
There are no internal obstacles experienced by BMI in raising endowment funds through money. There is only one external obstacle experienced by BMI, namely negative perceptions from the community. The constraints referred to here are all things that can limit the system in achieving organizational or corporate goals (Larasati dan Haksama, 2016: 155).
Furthermore, Hansen and Mowen (2007) in Selviana Putri Larasati and Setya Haksama (2016: 157) divided the constraints based on their origin into two types, namely internal and external constraints. First is internal constraints, namely the factors contained in the organization that can limit the performance of the organization. These internal constraints must be optimally utilized by organizations to increase output to the maximum extent possible without increasing inventory and operational costs. Second is external constraints, namely factors that are outside the organization that can limit organizational performance.
These constraints are also experienced by BMI as a community empowerment agency engaged in the Ziswaf field. In general, there are no internal obstacles felt by BMI in managing and developing cash waqf. This is because the waqf instrument is believed to be related not only to world affairs but also to the hereafter. So far, BMI has experienced in building infrastructure projects based on waqf which has always been provided with the ease in the funds needed. Associated with the benefits that will be felt by the community with the Munzalan Tower which was built with approximately 12 billion funds is the existence of a missionary movement in the form of mosque-based educational institutions. Inside the waqf-based building, there will be a teaching-learning process, training, seminars, and the like and all these activities will be carried out free of charge. The way to do this is to collaborate on zakat, infaq, sedekah, and waqf obtained such as the Rumah Santri Munzalan. The Rumah Santri Munzalan building uses waqf through money. Santri can stay free of charge. Cash waqf funds are used to build the place and renovate it. While the infaq, sedekah, and zakat can be used to finance other needs.

Conclusion
Based on the discussion described earlier, there are two research results in this paper. First, the strategies used by BMI in raising waqf funds through money (cash waqf) in the industrial revolution 4.0 era are campaigns through social media (Facebook Page and Instagram) and tabliq. Campaign through social media is the most dominant strategy used by BMI and has enormous potential. Second, the obstacle felt by BMI in managing and developing waqf through money is a negative perception from the community (external constraints).
The authors' recommendation to overcome obstacles in the form of negative perceptions from the community is to increase accountability and transparency in collecting, managing, and utilizing waqf through the money in detail and periodically (monthly and annually). The The results in this study offer a waqf fundraising model through money in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Social media that are used by the majority of the Muslim population in Indonesia, can not only be used as a medium for establishing a friendship, getting information and conducting buying and selling transactions but can also be used in religious activities. Therefore, the authors argue that marketing through social media not only has positive implications for for-profit institutions but also non-profit institutions such as BMI in collecting and managing cash waqf in Indonesia.