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\f31506\fs22\lang14345\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp14345\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6975413 \chftnsep 
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{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13656854  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13656854 2}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnqc\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11416012 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang14345\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp14345\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2314265\charrsid1343311 PENALARAN HUKUM HAKIM }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6102862\charrsid1343311 PENGADILAN AGAMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3223648\charrsid1343311 DALAM }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 
PENETAPAN ASAL-USUL ANAK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6102862\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11943781\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1512522 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 Kajian Perlindungan Hak-Hak Keperdataan Anak Biologis) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1512522\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi567\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12067541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 Rohmawati
\par Institut Agama Islam Negeri Tulungagung
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 E-mail: }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6975413  HYPERLINK "mailto:rahma.ringinpitu@gmail.com" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f31503\fs24\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 rahma.ringinpitu@gmail.com}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par Ahmad Rofiq
\par Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
\par E-mail: }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6975413  HYPERLINK "mailto:ahmad_rofiq@walisongo.ac.id" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f31503\fs24\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 ahmad_rofiq@walisongo.ac.id}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1512522 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi567\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12067541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi567\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13514765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 Abstract
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3687724 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 This paper examines the Islamic courts
\rquote  decisions on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4357567 biological child parentage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 
after Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The ambiguity of the legal substance about \'93the civil relationship of children born out of wedlock\'94 in Indonesian f
amily law has prompted judges to interpret the law. Various legal reasoning among judges have resulted in different decisions in cases of determining the children parentage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16540597\charrsid1343311 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 The discussion in this paper is focused on the judge's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16540597\charrsid1343311 legal reasoning }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16540597\charrsid1343311 child parentage judgment at Islamic court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 . The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16540597\charrsid1343311 resear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 ch }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 result shows that there were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 three typologies of judge's legal reasoning. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 Pragmatic judges do not provide legal protection to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311  a biological child because they reject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 the acknowledgment of child from both parents, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 so there is no clarity on the legal status of the child.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 onservative judges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 have 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 a positivistic paradigm, namely that they provide a civil relationship between the biological child and the mother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 Meanwhile, progressive judg
es have provided legal protection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 biological child proportionally, namely granting requests for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 acknowledgment of child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311  from both parents and providing limited civil relation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid10376684\charrsid1343311 ship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311  with the father, in the form of livelihoods and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 wasiat wajibah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 obligatory bequest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 ) from the father.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 Keywords}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311  Biological child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid4357567\charrsid4357567 ren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4357567 child }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 rotection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 , Islamic courts\rquote  decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13449992 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3294059\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 Artikel ini mengkaji putusan pengadilan agama }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 tentang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4357567 penetapan asal-usul anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
 pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Kesamaran substansi hukum mengenai hubungan perdata anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 luar kawin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  dalam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3687724\charrsid1343311 hukum keluarga Indonesia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 telah mendorong hakim untuk melakukan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12259024\charrsid1343311 penalaran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  hukum. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12259024\charrsid1343311 Perbedaan penalaran hukum di kalangan hakim telah melahirkan putusan yang berbeda d
alam perkara penetapan asal-usul anak. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 Pembahasan dalam artikel ini difokuskan pada }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 penalaran hukum hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12259024\charrsid1343311 tentang penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3359198\charrsid1343311 anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16540597\charrsid1343311  biologis di pengadilan agama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid13449992\charrsid1343311 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 
enelitian ini menghasilkan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3359198\charrsid1343311 temuan adanya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 tiga tipologi penalaran hukum haki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid12259024\charrsid1343311 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 . Majelis hakim pragmatis tidak memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid14579975\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
 karena mereka menolak pengakuan anak dari kedua orang tuanya, sehingga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11275435\charrsid1343311  tidak adanya kejelasan status hukum bagi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11275435\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
Sedangkan hakim konservatif berparadigma }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid3545224\charrsid1343311 positivistik, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 ya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11275435\charrsid1343311 itu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid3545224\charrsid1343311 
memberikan hubungan perdata anak biologis hanya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 dengan ibunya. Adapun hakim progresif telah memberikan }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 perlindungan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 hukum 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid3545224\charrsid1343311 terhadap anak biologis secara proporsional, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 yakni }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3545224\charrsid1343311 
mengabulkan permohonan pengakuan anak dari kedua orang tuanya dan memberikan hubungan perdata secara terbatas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3545224\charrsid1343311 dengan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  ayahnya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9909514\charrsid1343311 , berupa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10376684\charrsid1343311 biaya hidup}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11275435\charrsid1343311  dan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13449992\charrsid1343311  wasiat wajibah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid12067541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1276\li1276\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid13514765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 Kata Kunci: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 Anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid9909514\charrsid1343311 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311  perlindungan anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid9909514\charrsid1343311 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13514765\charrsid1343311 
putusan pengadilan agama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid12067541\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9514381\charrsid1343311 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11275435 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Pendahuluan
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7568703 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311 
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311 telah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311  memberikan perubahan status hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid16281417\charrsid1343311 bagi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311  anak luar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 kawin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid16281417\charrsid1343311 , yang mana anak luar kawin memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibu dan ayahnya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6375300\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311 Namun, putusan tersebut telah}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311  menimbulkan persoalan karena masih terdapat kesamaran substansi hukum, di antaranya tidak adanya penjelasan lebih lanjut tentang makna frasa \'93
anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan\'94, apakah yang dimaksud adalah anak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan yang tidak tercatat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10448507\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"DOI":"10.15642/JIIS.2016.10.2","author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marilang","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Journal Of Indonesian Islam","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"02","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2016"]]\},"page":"335-354","title":
"Legal Relationship Between Illegitimate Children and Their Biological Father: The Analysis of Constitutional Court Decree No . 46 / PUU- VIII / 2010 in the Perspective of Civil and Islamic Law","type":"article-journal","volume":"10"\}
,"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=be3c763d-02b4-4989-8776-16456eb7ceb6"]\}],"mendeley":\{
"formattedCitation":"(Marilang, 2016)","manualFormatting":"(Marilang, 2016; Sujono, 2015)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Marilang, 2016)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Marilang, 2016)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311 (Marilang, 2016; Sujono, 2015)}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311 ataukah juga mencakup anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 biologis, yaitu anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311 yang lahir sebagai akibat perzinaan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10510546\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rosyad","given":"Sabilal","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}
],"container-title":"Jurnal Hukum Islam","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2017"]]\}
,"page":"155-179","title":"Status Hukum Anak di Luar Perkawinan dalam Hukum Islam dan Implementasinya dalam Perkembangan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia ( Studi Tentang Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor","type":"article-journal","volume":"15"\}
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,"publisher":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta","title":"Perlindungan Hak-Hak Keperdataan Anak Luar Kawin Dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010","type":"thesis"\}
,"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f7187f38-0823-46ec-a513-0f0b125c3627"]\}],"mendeley":\{"formattedCitation":"(Mokoginta, 2017; Rosyad, 2017)","plainTextFormatted
Citation":"(Mokoginta, 2017; Rosyad, 2017)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Mokoginta, 2017; Rosyad, 2017)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 (Mokoginta, 2017; Rosyad, 2017)}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9510650\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4357567 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 
Meskipun konstruksi keperdataan anak luar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 kawin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311  dalam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 utusan MK }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 
No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 masih samar, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 engadilan agama harus berperan dalam menjamin pelaksanaan pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1532748\charrsid1343311 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 lindungan hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1532748\charrsid1343311 terhadap }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 anak}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13656854\charrsid1343311  biologis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 melalui kewenangan absolutnya di bida
ng perkawinan berupa penetapan asal usul anak berdasarkan Undang-Undang No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10376684\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 
7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5394529\charrsid1343311 
Peradilan agama bertugas untuk memberikan kejelasan dan kepastian hukum tentang siapa ayah kandungnya dan hak-hak keperdataan yang melekat pad
a dirinya. Hakim dalam melakukan penyelesaian kasus harus berdasarkan hukum Islam dan mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai keadilan dan kemaslahatan bagi masyarakat pencari keadilan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4357567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 Namun realitanya, perlindungan hukum itu belum sepenuhnya diberikan
 oleh hakim pengadilan agama kepada anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid1532748\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 Problem pluralisme hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311  dan ketidakjelasan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311  substansi hukum mengenai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 kedudukan dan hak-hak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 keperdataan anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid1532748\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311  dalam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 norma hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 di Indonesia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 menimbulkan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 penafsiran yang beragam dalam penerapannya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 Hal ini terlihat dari adanya disparitas putusan h
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 akim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311  pengadilan agama pada }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 kasus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311  penetapan asal-usul anak. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4357567\charrsid4357567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 
Disparitas putusan hakim di satu sisi dapat dibenarkan sepanjang hal itu memang dilakukan dengan wajar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311  (Adji, 1924}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4357567 : 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 , namun di sisi lain 
dapat dipandang sebagai gangguan dan ketidaknyamanan terhadap aspek kepastian hukum dan keadilan bagi masyarakat. Disparitas putusan juga terkait dengan sistem pengetahuan yang dimiliki hakim yang mempengaruhi penentuan corak atau karakter pemikirannya. P
ola pikir yang bercorak positivistik atau non-positivistik pada tataran praktis melahirkan kecenderungan hakim yang berbeda dalam melakukan penafsiran hukum dalam memutuskan perkara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"ISBN":"978
6027068209","author":[\{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2014"]]\}
,"publisher":"Sekjend Komisi Yudisial RI","publisher-place":"Jakarta","title":"Disparitas Putusan Hakim \'cfdentifikasi dan Implikasi\\"","type":"book"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=be85b4d6-658a-4e2b-864c-b63782e96d17"]\}
],"mendeley":\{"formattedCitation":"(Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia, 2014)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia, 2014)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia, 2014)"\},"properties":\{
"noteIndex":0\},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 
(Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia, 2014)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10510546\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12464714\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311 
Tulisan ini mengkaji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15284305\charrsid1343311 lima}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311  p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 utusan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311  pengadilan agama }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 tentang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311 asal usul anak pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 , antara lain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311 Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 Pengadilan Agama Malang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311 No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311  0316/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Mlg., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 Penetapan Pengadilan Agama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311  Jakarta Pusat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4606137\charrsid1343311 No. 0043/Pdt.P/2014/PA.JP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 Penetapan Pengadilan Agama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 
  Banjarmasin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4606137\charrsid1343311 No. 0403/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Bjm., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Trenggalek }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311 No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311  0185/Pdt.P/2014/PA.TL.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4606137\charrsid1343311 , dan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311 Penetapan Pengadilan Agama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13833432\charrsid1343311  Magetan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4606137\charrsid1343311 No. 0078/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Mgt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311 Ke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4606137\charrsid1343311 lima}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid16476028\charrsid1343311  penetapan tersebut }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4606137\charrsid1343311 
menarik untuk dicermati karena menggambarkan disparitas konstruksi hukum hakim pengadilan agama dalam memutus perkara asal-usul anak biologis di Indonesia. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14966715\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6836911\charrsid1343311 Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk men}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3091260\charrsid1343311 diskusikan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid6836911\charrsid1343311  disparitas putusan pengadilan agama tentang asal-usul anak biologis, bagaimana metode penalaran hukum hakim dalam menetapkan asal usul anak biologis, serta tipologi penalaran hukum dalam menetapkan asal-usu
l anak biologis. Tulisan ini didasarkan pada argumen bahwa disparitas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6836911\charrsid1343311 
putusan hakim dalam perkara penetapan asal usul anak biologis disebabkan karena subjektifitas hakim dalam melakukan penalaran hukum pada perkara penetapan asal-usul anak biologis yang be
rimplikasi pada beragamnya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak keperdataan anak biologis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6836911\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
Metode Penelitian
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3091260 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1773456\charrsid1343311 Penelitian ini merupakan pen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1773456\charrsid1343311 elitian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1773456\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1773456\charrsid1343311 hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4864411\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1773456\charrsid1343311 dengan menggunakan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 pendekatan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 kasus (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 ) dan pendekatan filsafat hukum (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 legal philosophy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 
). Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2517642\charrsid1343311 umber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid11080089\charrsid1343311 Sumber data primer berupa empat dokumen putusan pengadilan agama tentang asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11080089\charrsid1343311 . Sumber data sekunder terdiri 
dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, serta bahan non-hukum. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumenter. Analisis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid11080089\charrsid1343311  data dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data-data penelitian, mengadakan sistematisasi data, membandingkan satu sama lain, dan menganalisis untuk mendapatkan konklusi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid11080089\charrsid1343311  dengan menggunakan logika deduktif dan induktif.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2314265\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9514381\charrsid1343311 
Penelitian Terdahulu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 
Putusan MK Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 yang sejatinya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid2492363\charrsid1343311 hadir untuk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 mem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid2492363\charrsid1343311 berikan keadilan dan perlindungan bagi an
ak luar kawin, hingga kini masih menyisakan banyak persoalan, karena masih terdapat kesamaran substansi hukum di dalamnya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 
Menurut Simon Butt, tidak jelasnya hak-hak konstitusional anak dan batasan anak luar kawin dalam Putusan MK berdampak pada kurangnya perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11226020\charrsid1343311 luar kawin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Butt","given":"Simon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Legal Studies Research Paper","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"63","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2012"]]\},"title":"Asia Pasific \\
"Illegitimate\\" Children and Inheritance in Indonesia","type":"article-journal","volume":"12"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=37dfec46-63f7-4021-890d-6aaddadfb4e7"]\}],"mendeley":\{
"formattedCitation":"(Butt, 2012)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Butt, 2012)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Butt, 2012)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 (Butt, 2012)}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2492363\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15794462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 
Dalam praktik peradilan, Putusan MK }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 
Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 belum sepenuhnya digunakan hakim pengadilan agama dalam menyelesaikan kasus anak biologis. Studi yang dilakukan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311  
Mughniatul Ilma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid7568703\charrsid1343311 
  menunjukkan bahwa Putusan MK belum banyak memberikan pengaruh terhadap upaya perlindungan anak biologis di Pengadilan Agama Bantul, karena anak biologis hanya memiliki hak nafkah saja dari ayahnya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{
"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ilma","given":"Mughniatul","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2016"]]\}
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a based legal reasoning. It argues that the employment of doctrinal-deductive legal reasoning by the judges has not benefitted children and therefore the protection of child\rquote s rights has not been optimally made nd that the employment of ma}{
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a based legal reasoning by the judges has led to the better protection of child\rquote 
s rights.[Tulisan ini membahas empat putusan pengadilan agama terkait status hukum anak, khususnya waris anak, setelah dikeluarkannya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) tentang status hukum anak di luar nikah. Putusan MK telah memicu kontrove
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rgumentasi hukum para hakim dalam kasus hak waris anak. Penulis setidaknya menemukan dua tipe argumentasi yang digunakan para hakim dalam kasus tersebut, yaitu: alasan hukum legal deduktif-doktrinal dan alasan hukum berbasis ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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ah. Tipe yang pertama cenderung melemahkan perlindungan hak anak, sedangkan tipe kedua justru akan menguatkan hak anak.]</p>","author":[\{
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hrough which the concepts of biological fatherhood, derived from the human-rights framework, and adoption, derived from the customary law framework, have been adopted into Indonesian Islamic family law. We argue that the introduction of external concepts 
i
nto family law pertaining to Muslims requires an adaptation process in which the relation between these external concepts and core Islamic family law concepts is determined. In the case of children born out of wedlock, this adaptation to core Islamic norm
s
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"formattedCitation":"(Al-Zuhaily, 1985)","manualFormatting":" (Al-Zuhaily, 1985).","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Al-Zuhaily, 1985)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Al-Zuhaily, 1985)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3223648\charrsid1343311  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311 -Zuhaily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3223648\charrsid1343311 , 1985).}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  Senada dengan a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 -Zuhaily,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 
Fatwa MUI No. 11 Tahun 2012 mendefinisikan anak hasil zina sebagai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 anak yang lahi
r sebagai akibat dari hubungan badan di luar pernikahan yang sah menurut ketentuan agama, dan merupakan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 jar}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 \'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 mah }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 (tindak pidana kejahatan). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid6375300\charrsid1343311 Istilah}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6375300\charrsid1343311  anak biologis memiliki relevansi dengan pendapat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 Ibn Abidin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6375300\charrsid1343311 yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 menyebut anak zina dengan istilah anak hakiki (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 al-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 waladun }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 
al-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 haq\'eeqiy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11952070\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 Anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 dianggap sebagai anak hakiki}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  karena ia dilahirkan dari hasil sperma ayah biologisnya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311  (Ibn Abidin, 2002)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 
Dalam hukum perdata di Indonesia, anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 zina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 kategorikan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 sebagai }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 anak luar kawin. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 Untuk memahami 
pengertian anak luar kawin, diperlukan penafsiran berdasarkan logika }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 argumentum a contrario}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  terhadap rumusan UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Pasal 42 yang menyebutkan bahwa anak yang sah adalah anak yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan yang sah. Sehing
ga dapat diambil pengertian bahwa anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan yang sah disebut dengan anak luar kawin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12080683\charrsid1343311 , yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 mencakup }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 anak yang lahir dari pernikahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\cf20\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 sirri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  dan anak yang lahir akibat perzinaan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12080683\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 Menurut penulis, penyebutan istilah anak }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid609128\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311  
bagi anak yang lahir akibat hubungan perzinaan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6903881\charrsid1343311 
dipandang lebih humanis dan bersahabat bagi anak daripada anak zina. Istilah anak biologis juga jamak digunakan para hakim dalam penetapan asal-usul anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311  yang lahir di luar nikah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11500544\charrsid1343311  (anak zina)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6903881\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11875152\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid1773572\charrsid1343311 
Status hukum anak ditentukan oleh status perkawinan orang tua yang melahirkannya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 Ketentuan tentang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 
 diatur dalam Pasal 43 (1) UU Perkawinan, yang menyatakan bahwa anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan
 ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. Ketentuan hukum tersebut juga tertuang dalam KHI Pasal 100 yang menyebutkan bahwa anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan nasab dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 KHI menggunakan istilah nasab (garis keturunan) untuk menentukan hubungan keperdataan antara anak dan ibunya.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2492363\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6188239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1773572\charrsid1343311 Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid1773572\charrsid1343311 Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11500544\charrsid1343311 
memberikan hubungan perdata anak luar kawin dengan ibunya dan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3346578\charrsid1343311 juga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11500544\charrsid1343311 ayahnya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3346578\charrsid1343311 . Putusan tersebut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid11500544\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 dimaksudkan untuk memberikan keadilan 
dengan melindungi anak dari kecenderungan ayah biologis yang tidak bertanggung jawab dan untuk menekan perzinaan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6188239\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6188239\charrsid1343311 (Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi, \'93Anak di Luar Nikah Ditanggung Ayah Biologis untuk Cegah Zina\'94, diakses 4 Februari 2020, }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6975413  HYPERLINK "http://www.news.detik.com" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f31503\fs24\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6188239\charrsid1343311 www.news.detik.com}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6188239\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6188239\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 Namun, putusan MK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6188239\charrsid1343311  tersebut }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 masih }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 mengandung}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311  kelemahan karena }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 
masih terdapat kesamaran substansi hukum. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid2492363\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 
Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan Fatwa No. 11 Tahun 2012 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 untuk memberikan penjelasan hukum tentang
 status dan hak-hak anak hasil zina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 . Secara garis besar Fatwa MUI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid1773572\charrsid1343311 tersebut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 
 menegaskan bahwa anak hasil zina tidak mempunyai hubungan nasab, nafkah, wali nikah, dan waris dengan lelaki yang mengakibatkan kelahirannya. Namun sebagai bentuk perlindungan terha
dap anak hasil zina, fatwa MUI menetapkan tentang kewenangan pemerintah untuk menjatuhkan hukuman }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 ta\rquote zir}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311  kepada lelaki pezina yang mengakibatkan lahirnya anak dalam 2 (dua) bentuk, yaitu: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 pertama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 , mencukupi kebutuhan hidup anak; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 kedua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 
, memberikan bagian dari harta peninggalan melalui mekanisme wasiat wajibah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311 , yaitu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311 tindakan  yang  dilakukan  oleh penguasa atau hakim sebagai aparat negara untuk memaksa, atau memberi putusan wajib wasiat  bagi seorang yang telah meninggal dunia, yang diberikan kepada orang te
rtentu dalam  keadaan  tertentu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311  (Rofiq, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid10968837 : 371}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid10378949\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6246909\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7416674\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4594816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Dis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4594816\charrsid1343311 kusi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par Disparitas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14252115\charrsid1343311 utusan Pengadilan Agama tentang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Asal-Usul Anak 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
Penetapan asal-usul anak merupakan salah satu upaya perlindungan hukum yang dilakukan pengadilan terhadap anak. Dengan penetapan asal-usul anak, hak-hak anak dapat terjamin dan terlindungi. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid16204837\charrsid1343311 Kasus penetapan asal-usul anak biologis dalam penelitian ini }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 
merupakan perkara voluntair, yakni permohonan yang diajukan oleh pemohon tanpa pihak lawan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 Dari berbagai putusan yang ditet
apkan, diketahui bahwa pengajuan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 
permohonan penyelesaian kasus muncul dari pasangan laki-laki dan perempuan yang melakukan hubungan seksual di luar nikah yang mengakibatkan kelahiran }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10968837 seorang }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 . Setelah kelahiran anak, pasangan tersebut 
melangsungkan pernikahan secara hukum agama dan negara. Kemudian pasangan suami istri mengajukan permohonan pengakuan dan pengesahan anak ke pengadilan agama agar si anak memiliki status hukum yang jelas sebagai anak dari kedua orang tuanya. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 Pengadilan ag
ama di Indonesia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid12989795\charrsid1343311 telah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 
melahirkan produk hukum yang beragam mengenai penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis yang orang tuanya menikah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 , sehingga berimplikasi pada beragamnya perlindungan anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid12989795\charrsid1343311  biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 Putusan pengadilan agama }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12989795\charrsid1343311 yang beragam tersebut }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 dapat diklasifikasi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311  menjadi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311  tiga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 kelompok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15017339\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid14492234\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Pertama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
, putusan yang sama sekali tidak mencerminkan adanya upaya perlindungan hukum bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  karena permohonan penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 ditolak oleh hakim, sebagaimana {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk52690686}Penetapan No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 0316/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Mlg.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 {\*\bkmkend _Hlk52690686} Implikasi yuridis dari putusan tersebut adalah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 
tidak adanya kejelasan status }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311  biologis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Ditolaknya pengakuan anak oleh orang tuanya berakibat pada tidak adanya perlindungan hak asasi anak dan jaminan kesejahteraan bagi anak dari orang tuanya. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 enetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 0316/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Mlg.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hakim telah menempatkan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 pada posisi yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 lemah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 . Kepentingan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 untuk memperoleh akta kelahiran tidak dipertimbangkan oleh hakim, bahkan terkesan diabaikan. Padahal penetapan asal-usul anak oleh pengadilan merupakan persyaratan untuk mendapatkan akta kelahiran }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 . Ketiadaan kepemilikan akta kelahiran dapat menyebabkan seseorang tidak memiliki identitas dan status yang jelas, yang berimplikasi pada tidak adanya a
kses terhadap pelayanan dasar bagi anak seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan kesejahteraan sosial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Dampak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 lain tidak memiliki akta kelahiran adalah anak-}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 anak rentan menjadi korban eksploitasi dan kekerasan seksual, perdagangan manusia, dan perkawinan anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid11801331\charrsid1343311  (Usman, 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid10968837 : 132}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid11801331\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 Penetapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid11672275\charrsid1343311 tersebut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  tidak sejalan dengan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid11672275\charrsid1343311 prinsip perlindungan anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 yang digariskan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 oleh Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-Undang Kesejahteraan Anak, dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak. Penetapan tersebut juga tidak sejalan dengan }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 ajaran Islam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 agar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 melindungi hak anak untuk hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang dengan melarang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 orang tua untuk membunuh anak-anak mereka, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4484385\charrsid1343311 sebagaimana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  dinyatakan dalam Q.S. al-Isra\rquote  ayat 31 sebagai berikut:}{
\ltrch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \rtlch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1025\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311   }{\ltrch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \rtlch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1025\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Dan janganlah kamu
 membunuh anak-anakmu karena takut miskin. Kamilah yang akan memberi rezeki kepada mereka dan juga kepadamu. Membunuh mereka itu sungguh suatu dosa yang besar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2301642\charrsid1343311 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Kedua}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 , putusan yang kurang memberikan perlindungan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 hukum }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 terhadap hak-hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 , yakni ditetapkannya}{\ltrch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \rtlch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1025\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 status }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  sebagai anak ibu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 dan ditolaknya permohonan pengakuan anak oleh ayah biologis, se}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 bagaimana {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk52690729}Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 No. 0043/Pdt.P/2014/PA.JP.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  dan Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 No. 0403/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Bjm.{\*\bkmkend _Hlk52690729} }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 status }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  sebagai anak ibu menunjukkan bahwa hakim memberikan perlindungan kepada }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
batas pada adanya hubungan hukum antara anak dan ibunya. Konsekuensi hukumnya adalah identitas anak yang dituangkan dalam akta kelahiran hanya 
dicantumkan nama ibunya. Karena anak hanya memiliki hubungan hukum dengan ibunya, maka hak-hak anak seperti pemeliharaan, pengasuhan, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid676509\charrsid1343311 pendidikan, dan kewarisan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  hanya dapat diperoleh dari ibunya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Secara yuridis, putusan hakim yang tidak memberikan hubungan perdata }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid676509\charrsid1343311 antara}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  dan ayahnya adalah benar jika menggunakan perspektif UU Perkawinan, KHI, dan doktrin fikih. Akan tetapi putusan tersebut dipandang kurang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 memberikan perlindungan hukum dan keadilan bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 
anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  jika ditinjau dari kacamata UU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid10968837 
Kesejahteraan Anak, UU Hak Asasi Manusia, dan UU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Perlindungan Anak, karena p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
utusan tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak sosial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 -psikologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  bagi anak. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 Anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 akan hidup terlantar dan mendapat stigma negatif dari masyarakat sebagai anak haram atau anak zina. Sehingga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 nak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf6\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
tidak dapat melaksanakan fungsi sosialnya dengan baik yang berakibat pada kurangnya rasa percaya diri. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7037763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Ketiga}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 , putusan yang memberikan perlindungan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 terhadap hak-hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid16408847\charrsid1343311 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 sebagaimana {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk52691934}{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk52691043}Penetapan No. 0078/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Mgt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4456961\charrsid1343311 {\*\bkmkend _Hlk52691934} dan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk52690978}Penetapan No. 0185/Pdt.P/2014/PA.TL.
{\*\bkmkend _Hlk52691043}{\*\bkmkend _Hlk52690978} Ke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4456961\charrsid1343311 dua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  penetapan pengadilan tersebut }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 telah memberikan perlindungan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 hukum terhadap }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 dalam bentuk represif, berupa pemberian pengakuan anak dari ayah biologisnya dengan persetujuan dari ibu kandung anak tersebut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11801331\charrsid1343311  (Satrio, 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10968837 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7037763 118}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11801331\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 . Pada dasarnya UU Administrasi Kependudukan Tahun 2013 membatasi pengakuan anak hanya berlaku bagi anak yang orang tuanya telah melakukan perkawinan sah menurut hukum
 agama, tetapi belum sah menurut hukum Negara. Namun, para hakim di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4456961\charrsid1343311  dua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 pengadilan agama tersebut telah menciptakan terobosan hukum dengan mengabulkan permohonan penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  dan memberikan hubungan keperdataan secara terbatas (tidak sempurna)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  dengan ayahnya}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
Dikabulkannya permohonan pengakuan anak oleh kedua orang tuanya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
merupakan pemberian kejelasan asal-usul anak dan kepastian hukum tentang adanya hubungan keperdataan antara si anak d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 kedua orang tuanya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid7037763 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Hubungan keperdataan yang di}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 tetapkan oleh hakim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  pengadilan agama }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
adalah berupa tanggung jawab seorang ayah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup anaknya dan memberikan harta peninggalan melalui wasiat wajibah agar kesejahteraan anak dapat terjamin. Kewajiban tersebut me
rupakan sanksi yang diberikan kepada laki-laki yang menyebabkan kelahiran anak di luar nikah karena telah melanggar norma hukum agama dan negara (berzina). Pemberlakuan sanksi tersebut mengandung tiga tujuan: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 pertama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 , untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum dan keadilan bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Kedua}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 , sebagai perlindungan terhadap }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311  agar dapat hidup secara layak. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Ketiga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 , sebagai efek jera bagi pelaku zina, sehingga dapat meminimalisir praktik perzinaan di masyarakat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11801331\charrsid1343311  }
{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Arto","given":"A. Mukti","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Badilag Mahkamah Agung RI","id":"ITEM-1","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2013"]]\}
,"page":"1-26","title":"Gugatan Nafkah Anak Luar Nikah Sebagai Ta'zir Dan Penyelesaiannya Di Pengadilan Agama","type":"article-journal"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=535f1aae-bf61-4cc4-b8bc-6667177d6867"]\}],"mendeley":\{"for
mattedCitation":"(Arto, 2013)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Arto, 2013)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Arto, 2013)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 (Arto, 2013)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11801331\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7037763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
Pemberian kejelasan asal-usul anak kepada }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
 merupakan implementasi dari amanat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 Pasal 56 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 menyatakan bahwa \'93
Setiap anak berhak untuk mengetahui siapa orang tuanya, dibesarkan, dan diasuh oleh orang tuanya sendiri\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 Dengan adanya penetapan asal-usul anak,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311  seorang anak yang lahir di luar nikah dapat memiliki }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 identitas }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 yang jelas yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 dituangkan dalam akta kelahiran}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311  dengan mencantumkan nama kedua orang tuanya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 Akta kelahiran adalah dokumen penting untuk mengawal kelangsungan hidup dan tumbuh kembang anak dan menjadi dasar bagi penerbitan dokumen kependudukan lainnya.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9073824\charrsid7037763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
Metode Penalaran Hukum Hakim
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2314265\charrsid1343311 {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk39841790}Berdasarkan kajian terhadap }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 lima}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2314265\charrsid1343311 
 penetapan pengadilan agama dapat diketahui bahwa majelis hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12989795\charrsid1343311 asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2314265\charrsid1343311 
 telah menerapkan metode penalaran hukum yang beragam. Subjektivitas hakim dalam melakukan penalaran hakim telah menyebabkan terjadinya disparitas putusan pengadilan agama yang berimplikasi pada disparitas perlindungan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid2314265\charrsid1343311 .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12090404 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9990879\charrsid1343311 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 ajelis hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 pada }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 lima}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  pengadilan agama }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
memiliki persepsi yang sama dalam menempatkan keabsahan anak sebagai landasan utama dalam penetapan status }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5653089\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 ntuk melihat keabsahan anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 ereka menerapkan metode interpretasi sistematis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  ya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 itu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 interpretasi undang-undang sebagai bagian dari keseluruhan sistem perundang-undangan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763\charrsid1343311 (Mertokusumo dan Pitlo, 1993)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12083750\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
dengan menghubungkan Pasal 42 UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dengan Pasal 99 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763 ompilasi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763 ukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7037763 slam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut mereka sepakat untuk menempatkan }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 sebagai anak tidak sah. Bahkan Penetapan No. 0078/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Mgt. secara tegas menghubungkan keabsahan anak dengan keabsahan pernikahan orang tuanya yang diatur dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5653089\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5653089\charrsid1343311 Sedangkan untuk menentukan hubungan perdata a
nak biologis dengan ayahnya, hakim menggunakan metode penalaran yang beragam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5520127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penetapan No. 0316/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Mlg. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid12090404\charrsid1343311 yang menolak permohonan penetapan asal-usul anak biologis dengan kedua orang tuanya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
menunjukkan tidak adanya kegiatan hakim dalam melakukan penemuan hukum, dalam arti hakim tidak mencarikan hukum atas peristiwa konkret mengenai kasus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  yang diajukan oleh pemohon. Putusan hakim tersebut bertentangan dengan ketentuan Pasal 5 ayat (1) yang memberikan kewenangan kepada hakim untuk meng
gali, mengikuti, dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Dengan demikian, putusan tersebut menjadikan hakim dinilai tidak dapat memberikan keadilan kepada masyarakat.
\par Adapun }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 No. 0043/Pdt.P/2014/PA.JP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dan Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
No. 0403/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Bjm. memperlihatkan bahwa majelis hakim sama-sama menggunakan interpretasi sistematis untuk menetapkan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9514381\charrsid1343311 
hubungan perdata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan ibunya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311  berdasarkan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Pasal 43 UU Perkawinan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 dan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 Pasal 100 KHI. Kedua penetapan tersebut terkesan statis dan sangat normatif karena didasarkan pada aturan hukum lama yang membatasi hak-hak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . Sementara hasil ijtihad para hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui Putusan MK Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia melalui Fatwa M
UI Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 yang lebih memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  tidak menjadi perhatian hakim dalam membuat pertimbangan hukum. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 ua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  penetapan lainnya, yaitu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penetapan No. 0078/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Mgt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311  dan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 Penetapan No. 0185/Pdt.P/2014/PA.TL. memperlihatkan adanya penemuan hukum baru. Pada Penetapan No. 0078/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Mgt. terlihat bahwa hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 telah }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 menerapkan metode konstruksi hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid1183620\charrsid1183620 berupa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 penghalusan hukum, yaitu penemuan hukum dengan cara mengkonkret
kan suatu aturan hukum yang terlalu abstrak, pasif, serta sangat umum, agar dapat diterapkan terhadap suatu peristiwa tertentu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311  (Hardjon dan Djatmiati, 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1183620\charrsid1183620 : 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
akim mengonstruksi makna istilah hubungan perdata secara umum dan secara khusus. Hubungan per
data secara umum dimaknai bahwa anak bisa dinasabkan kepada ayahnya dan keluarga ayahnya, bisa saling mewarisi, berlaku pula ketentuan wali nikah, serta kewajiban memberi nafkah. Sedangkan secara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 lex specialis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  bagi umat Islam hubungan perdata dimaknai terb
atas pada adanya kewajiban perdata bahwa laki-laki yang menyebabkan anak lahir di luar nikah tersebut harus bertanggung jawab atas perbuatannya, yaitu memberikan biaya hidup dan segala kebutuhan anak hingga ia dewasa atau mandiri, serta memberikan wasiat 
wajibah. 
\par Penetapan No. 0185/Pdt.P/2014/PA.TL. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid806176\charrsid1343311 menunjukkan bahwa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid220791\charrsid1343311 
majelis hakim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid220791\charrsid1343311  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid220791\charrsid1343311 elain men}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid220791\charrsid1343311 erapkan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid220791\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 metode interpretasi sistematis juga menerapkan metode interpretasi teleologis-sosiologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 
, yaitu interpretasi terhadap suatu aturan hukum berdasarkan tujuan pembuatan aturan hukum dan yang ingin dicapai dalam masyarakat. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 Metode interpretasi }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5653089\charrsid1343311 teleologis-sosiologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311  dalam hukum Islam memiliki kesamaan dengan pendekatan }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 maq\'e2\u7779\'3fid a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 -syar\'ee\rquote ah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 , yakni penafsiran undang-undang dengan mengacu pada tujuan atau ekspektasi kemasyarakatan}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311  (Asnawi, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 : 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 
, atau melihat tujuan dibentuknya hukum dengan teori bahwa hukum merupakan alat rekayasa sosial untuk membangun masyarakat (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 law as a tool of social engineering}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311  (Arto, 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 : 265}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid13516927\charrsid1343311 . Metode ini di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9262698\charrsid1343311 gunakan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9514381\charrsid1343311 hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 untuk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 menetapkan status hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9514381\charrsid1343311 dan hak-hak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9514381\charrsid1343311  dari kedua orang tuanya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 Hakim menjelaskan bahwa norma hukum Pasal 43 UU Perkawinan dan Pasal 100 KHI dipandang kurang mencerminkan rasa keadilan bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  karena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9262698\charrsid1343311  hanya memberikan hubungan hukum anak biologis dengan ibunya.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9262698\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Dengan merujuk Pasal 7 UU No. 23 Tahun 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9262698\charrsid1343311 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
2 tentang Perlindungan Anak, hakim PA Trenggalek menyatakan bahwa setiap anak berhak mengetahui orang tuanya sekalipun dia anak biologis, berhak untuk dibesarkan dan diasuh oleh orang tuanya sendiri, berhak memperoleh pendidikan dan pengajaran dalam rangk
a
 pengembangan pribadinya dan tingkat kecerdasannya. Oleh karena itu, ayah biologis berkewajiban untuk melindungi anak biologisnya agar terjamin dan terpenuhi hak-haknya sehingga anak dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berpartisipasi secara optimal sesuai harka
t dan martabat kemanusiaan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055 {\*\bkmkend _Hlk39841790}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1183620\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9514381 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang14345\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp14345\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 Tipologi Penalaran Hukum Hakim
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Dalam teori penemuan hukum secara umum, terdapat dua aliran arus utama pemikiran hukum hakim, yaitu aliran konservatif dan aliran progresif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311  (Mertokusumo dan Pitlo, 1993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 : 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11759502\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . Namun 
penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan adanya tiga aliran pemikiran hakim dalam penemuan hukum pada kasus penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 , yaitu aliran hakim pragmatis, aliran hakim konservatif, dan aliran hakim progresif. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penalaran Hukum Hakim Pragmatis 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13314852 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penalaran hukum pragmatis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 memiliki arti bahwa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 dalam memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara yang dihadapkan padanya }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 menggunakan penalaran }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 dengan cara-cara pragmatis. Pragmatisme sering dimaksudkan sebagai bentuk ketidakkonsistenan sikap dan pe
rilaku. Hakim yang memiliki sikap dan perilaku pragmatis sangat tergantung pada konstruksi yang melingkupinya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311  (Efendi, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 : 257}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Hakim pragmatis cenderung mengikuti arah angin atau situasi yang menguntungkan dirinya baik secara materiil maupun }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid401926\charrsid1343311 immaterial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid401926\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3686666\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{
"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Syamsudin","given":"M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Jurnal Dinamika Hukum","id":"ITEM-1","issued":\{
"date-parts":[["2011"]]\},"title":"Rekonstruksi Pola Pikir Hakim dalam Memutuskan Perkara Korupsi Berbasis Hukum Progresif","type":"article-journal","volume":"11"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=fc0ff976-cad6-463b-86b0-f60b11c05e7d"]\}
],"mendeley":\{"formattedCitation":"(Syamsudin, 2011)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Syamsudin, 2011)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Syamsudin, 2011)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/m
aster/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid401926\charrsid1343311 (Syamsudin, 2011)}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid1123196\charrsid1343311 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 akim pragmatis melahirkan putusan atas suatu perkara yang diajukan padanya sekedarnya saja}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1123196\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid1123196\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{
"abstract":"Tulisan ini; mengulas content Perundang-u
ndangan Perkawinan Ind; anak; apa saja sumber penelantaran anak dan solusi apa y; melindungi hak pemeliharaan anak. Dari hasil kajia; penulis menawarkan 5; (lima) solusi untuk menjamin dan melindungi hak pe; yakni: (1) meningkatkan; kesadaran hakim tentan
g
 pentingnya masalah perlind; (2) mensosialisasikan secara terus; menerus Peraturan Perundang-undangan Perkawinan ke; (3) Mahkamah Agung; R.I. membuat surat edaran agar hakim PA selalu men; kasus perceraian; (4) suami dan isteri; baik atas kesadaran sendir
i maupun atas perintah N; membuat asuransi pendidikan anak; (5) mengharuskan semua pasangan yang akan menikah ; mengikuti Kursus Pra Nikah dan/atau Kursus Calon P; mengarungi bahtera rumah tangga.","author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nasution","given":"Khoiruddin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Al-'Adalah","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2016"]]\}
,"page":"1-10","title":"Perlindungan terhadap anak dalam hukum keluarga islam indonesia","type":"article-journal","volume":"XIII"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=024a750b-e6c9-4484-908c-ae1f93e34ffd"]\}],"mendeley":\{
"formattedCitation":"(Nasution, 2016)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Nasution, 2016)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Nasution, 2016)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1123196\charrsid1343311 (Nasution, 2016)}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
, tanpa harus mempertimbangkan keadilan dan kemanfaatan bagi pihak yang berperkara.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Produk h
ukum yang dihasilkan hakim pragmatis pada kasus penetapan asal-usul anak adalah tidak dikabulkannya permohonan penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 , sebagaimana {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk52693174}Penetapan No. 0316/Pdt.P/2015/PA.Mlg.{\*\bkmkend _Hlk52693174} Dengan mengacu pada UU Perkawinan Pasal 43 dan KHI Pasal 100
, hakim menyatakan bahwa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya. Sehingga diputuskan bahwa permohonan penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dari kedua orang tuanya harus ditolak. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sa120\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Penalaran hakim tersebut tampak parsial, karena tidak ada kesesuaian atau koherensi antara pertimbangan hukum dan putusan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311  (Efendi, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 : 254}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
. Padahal koherensi sangat penting dalam penalaran hukum. Hakim yang memiliki pola penalaran seperti ini tampaknya mengabaikan tugas mulia seorang hakim untuk memberikan
 keputusan yang adil bagi para pencari keadilan. Bagi hakim pragmatis, hal yang terpenting adalah terlaksananya tugas pengadilan dan lahirnya putusan atas suatu perkara yang diajukan padanya sesuai dengan amanat Pasal 16 UU No. 4 Tahun 2004 tentang Kekuas
aan Kehakiman yang menyatakan bahwa pengadilan tidak boleh menolak untuk memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara yang dihadapkan padanya dengan dalih bahwa hukum tidak ada atau kurang jelas. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang14345\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp14345\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penalaran Hukum Hakim Konservatif
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Dalam ilmu hukum, hakim yang 
memutus perkara dengan mengutamakan hukum tertulis sebagai sumber utamanya dapat dikategorikan dalam aliran hakim konservatif, {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk48646253}
yaitu aliran yang berpendapat bahwa hukum dan peradilan itu hanyalah untuk mencegah kemerosotan moral dan nilai-nilai lain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311  (Merto
kusumo dan Pitlo, 1993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid1183620\charrsid1183620 : 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
. Hakim beraliran konservatif ini memahami hukum secara legalistik-positivistik.{\*\bkmkend _Hlk48646253} Artinya, dalam mengkaji hukum, mereka hanya memperhatikan aspek lahiriyahnya saja, sedangkan nilai-nilai atau norma yang muncul dalam realitas sosial
 seperti keadilan tidak dipertimbangkan, karena tidak terjangkau oleh penginderaan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sarmadi","given":"A. Sukris","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Jurnal Dinamika Hukum","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2012"]]\}
,"title":"Membebaskan Positivisme Hukum Ke Ranah Hukum Progresif (Studi Pembacaan Teks Hukum Bagi Penegak Hukum)","type":"article-journal","volume":"12"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=bb73da9c-0c3c-3074-8748-fc99004c290a"]\}
],"mendeley":\{"formattedCitation":"(Sarmadi, 2012)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Sarmadi, 2012)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Sarmadi, 2012)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1057\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 (Sarmadi, 2012)}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14619976\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  Majelis hakim menjadikan kepastian hukum sebagai ikon kebenaran. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Tipe hakim yang demikian dapat disebut sebagai hakim yang tekstual. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Karakter hakim konservatif dipengaruhi oleh aliran legisme, yaitu aliran dalam ilmu hukum dan peradilan yang tidak mengakui hukum di luar yang tertulis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 atau }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 perundang-undangan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1183620 Prakoso, 2016: 146}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . Aliran legisme 
merupakan ciri utama positivisme hukum. Dalam menegakkan keadilan di lingkungan peradilan, hakim hanya berfungsi sebagai pelaksana undang-undang, tidak perlu mencari sumber hukum di luar hukum tertulis, dan hakim hanya menerapkan undang-undang pada perkar
a konkret rasional belaka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311  (Rifai, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592 : 127}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . 
\par Produk hukum yang dihasilkan oleh hakim konservatif pada kasus penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  adalah ditetapkannya status }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  sebagai anak ibu, tidak ada hubungan hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan ayahnya. Hal ini tercermin dalam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 No. 0043/Pdt.P/2014/PA.JP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf19\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dan Penetapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 No. 0403/Pdt.P/2014/PA.Bjm. Dua putusan pengadilan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa majelis hakim tidak melakukan upaya hukum untuk memberikan keadilan bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 mempertimbangkan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  kepentingan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  terbaik}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  anak. Keduanya membebaskan ayah biologis dari tanggung jawab atas perbuatannya. 

\par Penalaran hukum yang dibangun oleh m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 ajelis hakim pada dua putusan tersebut didasarkan pada logika deduktif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  yakni penalaran yang bertolak dari aturan hukum yang berlaku umum pada kasus individual dan konkret yang dihadapi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 (Rodes dan Pospesel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 , 1997}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid14104592 : 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . Dalam logika deduktif, norma hukum positif dijadikan standar regulasi, artinya hakim menggunakan norma hukum positif sebagai premis mayor unt
uk diterapkan pada kasus-kasus konkret sebagai premis minor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311  (Shidarta, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid14104592 : 200}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid399566\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
. Dengan logika deduktif, hakim menggunakan ketentuan Pasal 42 dan 43 UU Perkawinan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 serta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  Pasal 99 dan 100 KHI sebagai premis mayor untuk diterapkan pada kasus penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  sebagai premis minor. Hasilnya adalah anak yang bersangkutan ditetapkan sebagai anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 tidak sah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf1\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 , dan hanya memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibunya. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penalaran Hukum Hakim Progresif
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Pemikiran hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 progresif }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 adalah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  aliran yang 
berpendapat bahwa hukum dan peradilan merupakan alat untuk perubahan sosial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 (Mertokusumo dan Pitlo, 1993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14104592 : 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
. Konsep hukum progresif, sebagaimana yang digagas oleh Satjipto Rahardjo, adalah menemukan kebenaran dalam kasus perlindungan hukum atas hak-hak keperdataan yang seharusnya diperoleh oleh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
. Bagi hukum progresif, proses perubahan tidak lagi berpusat pada peraturan, tapi pada kreativitas pelaku hukum dalam mengaktualisasikan hukum sesuai ruang dan waktu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  }
{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"DOI":"https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v8i2.415","author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Saifullah","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Al-Manahij","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2014"]]\}
,"title":"Kajian Kritis Teori Hukum Progresif Terhadap Status Anak Luar Nikah Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010","type":"article-journal","volume":"8"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/docu
ments/?uuid=4e295fb1-df36-460f-a410-ea204d24e8ce"]\}],"mendeley":\{
"formattedCitation":"(Saifullah, 2014)","manualFormatting":"(Saifullah, 2014; Tanya, 2010)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Saifullah, 2014)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Saifullah, 2014)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 (Saifullah, 2014; Tanya, 2010)}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14230013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Hakim progresif dapat disebut sebagai hakim yang kontekstual, karena ia melakukan penemuan hukum bar
u ketika terjadi kesamaran atau kekosongan hukum, atau hukum yang ada sudah dinilai kurang relevan untuk diterapkan dalam konteks kekinian, dengan mempertimbangkan kultur masyarakat dan realitas sosial yang selalu dinamis. Menurut Roscoe Pond, hukum yang 
baik adalah hukum yang sesuai dengan hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  (Rahardjo, 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592 : 165}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
. Dalam paradigma hukum progresif, hakim melaksanakan penegakan hukum bukan hanya sebagai pelaksana undang-undang, tetapi juga harus selalu berusaha melakukan penemu
an hukum. Hakim harus menafsirkan ketentuan dalam undang-undang dengan cara menghubungkan antara peristiwa hukum yang terjadi di persidangan dan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Produk hukum dari hakim progresif dalam kasus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  adalah putusan yang mengabulkan permohonan penetapan asal-usul anak dengan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 kedua orang tuanya}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . Par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 a h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 akim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 pada}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 engadilan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 gama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  Magetan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9262698\charrsid1343311 
 dan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 engadilan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 gama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  Trenggalek}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9262698\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 merupakan representasi dari hakim progresif. Hakim dalam memutuskan perkara }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  di 
samping menggunakan undang-undang juga mempertimbangkan peristiwa konkret yang dihadapi. Dengan demikian, hakim mencari dan menemukan keadilan dalam batas norma yang telah ditentukan dengan menerapkannya secara kreatif pada tiap-tiap perkara konkret. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Dalam melahirkan produk hukum tentang asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 , majelis hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 menggunakan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 UU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
Perkawinan, KHI, dan Fatwa MUI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311  No. 11 Tahun 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 sebagai pertimbangan yuridis atas sakralitas sebuah lembaga perkawinan yang berimplikasi pada pembedaan kedudukan hukum dan hak keperdataan antara anak sah dan anak tidak sah. Sedangkan UUD 1945, Putusan MK }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010, UU No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, UU No. 4 Tahun 1979 ten
tang Kesejahteraan Anak, dan Fatwa MUI No. 11 Tahun 2012 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 digunakan hakim sebagai dasar pertimbangan hukum atas keniscayaan pemenuhan hak-hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Hakim melakukan pemaknaan yang kreatif terhadap }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
ketentuan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  mengenai hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat saat ini. Hakim menganggap tidak adil jika seorang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  harus kehilangan asal-usulnya dengan ayah dan hak-hak keperdataan yang seharusnya diperoleh karena dosa orang tuanya. Upaya hakim dalam m
engaktualisasikan hukum progresif adalah dengan merujuk pada Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 agar tercipta rasa keadilan dan kemanfaatan manusia, baik bagi pihak yang berperkara maupun bagi publik. Namun, progresivitas hukum yang dilakukan hakim tetap ber
prinsip pada sakralitas perkawinan yang berasal dari ajaran agama dengan merujuk pada hadis, fikih, dan fatwa MUI.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Implikasi hukum dari pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
ngakuan anak oleh kedua orang tuanya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 adalah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  mempunyai hubungan hukum dengan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 kedua orang tuanya. Hanya saj
a hubungan hubungan anak biologis dengan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 ayah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 nya diberikan }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 secara terbatas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 , yakni berupa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 hak pemenuhan biaya hidup dan wasiat wajibah dari ayah biologis. Ketentuan tersebut sebelumnya tidak terdapat dalam UU Perkawinan maupun KHI. Bahkan penetapan pengakuan anak tersebut }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592 tidak sejalan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 Pasal 49 ayat (1) dan (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 UU No. 24 Tahun 2013 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan yang membatasi pengakuan anak hanya bagi anak yang dilahirkan dari pernikahan yang tidak dicatat. Namun, para hakim telah mencipta
kan terobosan hukum dengan mengabulkan permohonan penetapan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 dan memberikan hubungan keperdataan secara terbatas (tidak sempurna)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan ayahnya.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Ketentuan tentang wasiat wajibah pada dasarnya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
telah terlembagakan dalam KHI Pasal 209 
dengan besaran maksimal 1/3 dari harta peninggalan. Akan tetapi ketentuan ini secara eksplisit keberlakuannya hanya pada lingkup anak angkat atau orang tua angkat yang tidak bisa menerima warisan. Pemberian wasiat wajibah kepada anak angkat atau orang tua
 angkat didasarkan pada pertimbangan kemaslahatan dan kebutuhan masyarakat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  (Junaidi, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592 : 92}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penulis sependapat dengan Faiq Tobroni bahwa pertimbangan hakim dalam penetapan asal-usul anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 tersebut }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 di atas merupakan bagian dari moderasi hukum, yakni mengo
mpromikan antara norma hukum konservatif yang membatasi hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dan norma hukum liberal yang menyamakan hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan anak sah. Motivasi liberalisasi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 berakar pada keniscayaan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia yang did
ukung oleh pandangan universalisme hak asasi manusia. Sedangkan motivasi pembatasan hak keperdataan berakar pada sakralitas hukum agama yang didukung oleh pandangan relativisme hak asasi manusia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tobroni","given":"Faiq","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Jurnal Yudisial Vol. 11 No. 3 Desember 2018","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"0156","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2018"]]\}
,"page":"307-325","title":"Asas Proporsionalitas Sebagai Moderasi Pandangan Hukum Diametral (Kajian Putusan Nomor 0156/Pdt.P/2013/PA.JS)","type":"article-journal"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=baa2bcf0-0627-4da0-8824-7f1c38cb24f6"]\}]
,"mendeley":\{"formattedCitation":"(Tobroni, 2018)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tobroni, 2018)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tobroni, 2018)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 (Tobroni, 2018)}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Dengan demikian, konstruksi hukum yang dibangun hakim progresif adalah memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak keperdataan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan tetap memegang teguh prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam dan sakralitas 
perkawinan. Sikap moderasi hakim tersebut sejalan dengan amanat UU Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 yang menyebutkan bahwa peradilan agama bertugas menegakkan hukum dan keadilan bagi masyarakat muslim berdasarkan hukum Islam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Penggunaan Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 digunakan para hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 sebagai pertimbangan untuk memberikan hubungan hukum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  dengan ayah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 nya, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
mengingat sifat hukum Putusan MK bersifat final dan mengikat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9403403\charrsid1343311 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{"author":[\{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ilma","given":"Mughniatul","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}
],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2016"]]\},"number-of-pages":"2016","publisher":"UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta","title":"Penetapan Hakim Tentang A
sal Usul Anak Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 (Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Agama Bantul)","type":"thesis","volume":"2010"\},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f7d86031-f337-430d-a438-22b1422ae11f"]\}],"mendeley":\{
"formattedCitation":"(Ilma, 2016)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Ilma, 2016)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Ilma, 2016)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311 (Ilma, 2016)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11039624\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Belum terdapatnya peraturan pelaksana atas Putusan MK }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 yang menyangkut cakupan makna \'93
hubungan perdata\'94 telah mendorong hakim untuk melakukan penemuan hukum dengan merujuk pada Fatwa MUI No. 11 Tahun 2012 yang memberikan hak keperdataan secara terbatas kepada }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 Jika hubungan perdata dimaknai secara sempurna dan diimplemetasikan pada masyarakat muslim, maka dipandang terlalu liberal karena menabrak sakralitas perkawinan dalam hukum Islam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 Dalam putusannya hakim tidak menggunakan term \'93anak zina\'94 sebagaimana dalam Fatwa MUI No. 11 Tahun 2012 dan literatur fikih. Secara psikologis, sebutan \'93
anak zina\'94 tentu sangat melukai hati anak. Oleh karena itu, hakim menggunakan istilah \'93anak biologis\'94 karena lebih humanis dan bersahabat bagi anak. Selain itu, penyebutan istilah anak biologis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 relevan dengan pendapat Ibn Abidin yang mengkategorikan anak yang lahir di luar nikah sebagai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31545\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 al-walad al-haq\'eeq\'eey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 
 (anak hakiki/biologis) karena ia adalah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 makhl\'fbqah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592  yang lahir dari air sperma ayah biologisnya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592  (Ibn Abidin, 2003: 12)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
enomena di atas menunjukkan bahwa para hakim progresif dalam menetapkan asal-usul }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311  menyelaraskan antara norma-norma dalam hukum tertulis dan hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 living law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 ). Hakim dalam melakukan penalaran hukum menggu
nakan dua logika secara bersamaan, yaitu logika induktif dan deduktif. Logika induktif digunakan untuk mengkaji fakta-fakta empiris terkait persoalan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 
 di masyarakat, sedangkan logika deduktif digunakan untuk menggali sumber hukum yang otoritatif terkait }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3561831\charrsid1343311 anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15102055\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4608783\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6362530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 
Keputusan hakim yang tidak memberikan hubungan nasab anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311  dengan ayah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5665200\charrsid1343311 nya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311  memperlihatkan kecenderungan sikap hakim untuk menghindari pelanggaran agama. Hal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 demikian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311  dilakukan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 dalam rangka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 \'e2}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 dd al-d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 \'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 \rquote ah}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311  atau upaya untuk menutup peluang terjadinya dampak negatif di masa depan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311  Menurut Ibrahim Hosen, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31545\fs24\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 \'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 dd al-d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\insrsid6313180\charrsid1343311 \'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 \rquote ah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 
 dapat diterapkan terhadap segala sesuatu yang dapat dianggap membahayakan agama dan masyarakat secara umum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid2106565\charrsid1343311  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid14104592 Nafis, 1995: 272}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid2106565\charrsid1343311 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 Mereka 
memedomani prinsip bahwa cara memperoleh anak yang sah adalah melalui perkawinan, sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Q.S. Al-Furqon ayat 54: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 \'93
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 Dan Dia (pula) yang menciptakan manusia dari air lalu dia jadikan manusia itu (punya) keturunan dan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 \u7779\'3f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31545\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 \'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 harah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311  dan adalah Tuhanmu Maha Kuasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6362530\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid6362530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592\charrsid14104592 
enetapan pengakuan anak dan pemberian hubungan hukum antara anak luar nikah dan ayah biologisnya diperbolehkan sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan konsep nasab dalam ajaran Islam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid14104592  }
{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530 ADDIN CSL_CITATION \{"citationItems":[\{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":\{
"DOI":"10.1017/jlr.2019.41","ISSN":"0748-0814","abstract":"This article examines the cases of children born out of wedlock and adopted children with the aim of depicting the mechanisms through which the concepts
 of biological fatherhood, derived from the human-rights framework, and adoption, derived from the customary law framework, have been adopted into Indonesian Islamic family law. We argue that the introduction of external concepts into family law pertainin
g
 to Muslims requires an adaptation process in which the relation between these external concepts and core Islamic family law concepts is determined. In the case of children born out of wedlock, this adaptation to core Islamic norms means that biological f
a
therhood does not lead to a full legal father-child relationship, despite a 2012 Constitutional Court ruling establishing that children born out of wedlock have a civil relationship with their biological father. In the case of adoption, it means that ther
e
 is no full adoption, despite recognition of customary adoptions under Indonesian law. We argue that in a context of strong support for a religion-based family law, reforms tend to take the form of conditions or exceptions to core religious concepts, as r
e
placing these concepts altogether would be perceived as jeopardizing the religious character of the law. While attempts to replace core Islamic family law concepts will inevitably meet strong resistance, there is much more tolerance for introducing family
 law reforms that aim at changing the way that Islamic concepts are applied in practice.","author":[\{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nurlaelawati","given":"Euis","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\},\{
"dropping-particle":"","family":"Huis","given":"Stijn Cornelis","non-dropping-particle":"Van","parse-names":false,"suffix":""\}],"container-title":"Journal of Law and Religion","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":\{"date-parts":[["2019"]]\}
,"page":"356-382","title":"The Status of Children Born Out of Wedlock and Adopted Children in Indonesia: Interactions Between Islamic, Adat , and Human Rights Norms","type":"article-journal","volume":"34"\}
,"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=38c644c6-441a-430b-953b-b3ee768f82f5"]\}],"mendeley":\{"formattedCitation":"(Nurlaelawati & Van Huis, 2019)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Nurlaelawati & Van Huis, 2019)"\},"properties":\{"noteIndex":0\}
,"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"\}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid6362530 (Nurlaelawati & Van Huis, 2019)}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2314265\sftntj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid6362530  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 
Pemberian hubungan nasab kepada anak luar nikah dengan ayah biologis dikhawatirkan dapat merusak sakralitas perkawinan dan meluasnya hubungan seksual tanpa pernikahan (perzinaan)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid6362530  yang mengakibatkan rusaknya nasab dan martabat kemanusiaan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1057\langnp1033\langfenp1057\insrsid4608783\charrsid6362530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794708 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 
Tidak adanya hubungan nasab antara anak dan ayah biologis berimplikasi pada tidak adanya hubungan perwalian dan kewarisan antara keduanya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1057\langfenp1057\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 Pendapat inilah yang diikuti oleh mayoritas ulama\rquote  dan masyarakat muslim Indonesia karena memiliki banyak dalil yang 
mendukung dan dipandang lebih relevan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311 Mempertimbangkan keabsahan perkawinan orang tua dengan merujuk pada UU Perkawinan, KHI}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid5842247\charrsid1343311  dan fikih, serta memenuhi hak asasi anak merupakan upaya mewujudkan kemaslahatan secara universal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid10380544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid6362530 
Dengan demikian, pemenuhan hak-hak keperdataan anak biologis diberikan hakim PA Magetan dan PA Trenggalek secara proporsional dan seimbang sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan dan hukum yang hidup di masyarakat. Majelis hakim telah menjalankan tugasnya dal
am memberikan pengakuan, penghormatan, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia yang berakar dalam penghormatan atas martabat manusia, kepastian hukum, dan kesejahteraan sosial bagi anak biologis sesuai dengan asas-asas dasar Negara hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530  (Sidharta, 2004: 124-125)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid6362530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2229301 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11275435\charrsid1343311 
Penutup}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9073824\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492363 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
Studi ini memperlihatkan temuan bahwa pengadilan agama di Indonesia telah melahirkan produk hukum yang beragam dalam memutus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13314852\charrsid1343311 asal-usul anak biologis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 Disparitas putusan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak 
keperdataan anak luar nikah belum terwujud secara optimal. Pola penalaran hukum dapat melahirkan kecenderungan hakim yang berbeda dalam melakukan penafsiran hukum, sehingga mengakibatkan disparitas putusan yang membawa kepada ketidakpastian hukum terhadap
 perlindungan anak biologis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7012956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
Terdapat tiga pola penalaran hukum hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara penetapan asal usul anak biologis yang tertuang dalam putusan pengadilan agama di Indonesia; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
pertama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 , hakim pragmatis telah melahirkan putusan yang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 menolak pen
etapan asal-usul anak oleh kedua orang tuanya. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 Hakim yang berparadigma pragmatis ini tidak mengupayakan perlindungan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 hukum bagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 anak biologis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 Kedua}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 , hakim konservatif yang menganut aliran legisme hukum telah memutuskan perkara penetapan asal usul anak dengan merujuk pada hukum tertulis (peraturan perundang-undangan) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 an sich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
. Pemaknaan hukum yang bersifat positivistik cenderung melahirkan putusan-putusan yang kurang memberikan keadilan dan kemanfaatan bagi anak, karena anak luar nikah ditetapkan sebagai anak ibu. Tidak adanya hubungan perdata antara anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311  dan ayahnya menunjukkan minimnya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak anak. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 Ketiga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 , hakim progresif telah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 melahirkan produk hukum yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 , yakni dengan me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 netapkan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 status }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid11733070\charrsid1343311 luar nikah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 sebagai anak biologis dari ayah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311  dan ibu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 nya, serta memberikan hak keperdataan secara terbatas dari ayah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 nya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311  berupa hak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid9985260\charrsid1343311 nafkah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311  dan wasiat wajibah.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2964579 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
Penalaran hukum yang diterapkan oleh hakim progresif didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip hukum progresif dan kemaslahatan manusia. Anak biologis meskipun tidak memiliki nasab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 syar\rquote i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
 dengan ayahnya tetap memiliki hubungan hukum dengan ayahnya, karena anak memiliki hubungan darah secara alami dengan ayahnya berdasarkan sunnatullah dan memiliki hak perdata dari ayahnya berdasarkan asas tanggung jawab. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311 Penggunaan term \'93anak biologis\'94 untuk menyebut anak luar nikah menunjukkan adanya pembedaan status anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid8217933\charrsid1343311 
yang lahir di }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311 luar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid8217933\charrsid1343311 perkawinan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311  dengan anak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan yang terbukti sah secara hukum, sehingga terwujud keadilan dan kemanfaatan bagi anak }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid8217933\charrsid1343311 
biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311  secara khusus dan masyarakat secara umum.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 Dengan demikian, pen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2964579\charrsid1343311 alaran hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311  hakim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2964579\charrsid1343311 progresif }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 tersebut telah memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan pemikiran hukum Islam di Indonesia, terutama tentang perlindungan hak keperdataan anak 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311 biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 
Sebagai produk hukum, yurisprudensi tersebut dapat menjadi inspirasi dan kaidah hukum bagi hakim lainnya dalam menyelesaikan perkara penetapan asal usul anak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8217933\charrsid1343311  biologis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13268896\charrsid1343311 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi567\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10648604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311 
Penelitian ini terbatas pada kajian yang memotret disparitas penalaran hukum hakim dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak keperdataan anak biologis melalui }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311 
dokumen-dokumen putusan pengadilan agama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311  tentang asal-usul anak. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311 Sejalan dengan itu, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311 diperlukan suatu penelitian lanjutan yang bersifat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid10648604\charrsid1343311 empiris }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311 untuk mengkaji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid13789628\charrsid1343311 
faktor-faktor terjadinya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid13789628\charrsid1343311 disparitas penalaran hukum hakim pengadilan agama dalam menetapkan asal-usul anak biologis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311 Cara ini memungkinkan ditemukannya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid10648604\charrsid1343311 informasi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid4206773\charrsid1343311  yang lebih komprehensif bagi problem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\insrsid10648604\charrsid1343311 disparitas putusan pengadilan agama }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10648604\charrsid1343311 tentang asal-usul anak biologis, sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya perlindungan anak biologis yang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8217933\charrsid1343311  memberikan kepastian hukum,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10648604\charrsid1343311  keadilan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8217933\charrsid1343311 , dan kemanfaatan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10648604\charrsid1343311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\cf21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4290891\charrsid1343311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6882332\charrsid1343311 \page 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3609393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6882332\charrsid1343311 DAFTAR PUSTAKA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12665648\charrsid3609393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-480\li480\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin480\itap0\pararsid3609393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9579750\charrsid3609393 Adji, Oemar Seno}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13794708\charrsid3609393 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9579750\charrsid3609393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9579750\charrsid3609393 Hukum Hakim Pidana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13794708\charrsid3609393 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9579750\charrsid3609393  Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 1984.
\par }{\field\fldlock{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6882332\charrsid3609393 ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Al-Zuhaily, W. (1985). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 al-Fiqh al-Isl\'e2mi wa \lquote Adillatuh}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31545\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393  (Juz VIII). D\'e2r al-Fikr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 

\par Arto, A. M. (2013). Gugatan Nafkah Anak Luar Nikah Sebagai Ta\rquote zir Dan Penyelesaiannya Di Pengadilan Agama. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
Badilag Mahkamah Agung RI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , 1\endash 26.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6046999\charrsid3609393 ___________ (2018). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6046999\charrsid3609393 Penemuan Hukum Islam Demi Mewujudkan Keadilan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6046999\charrsid3609393 
, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid6046999\charrsid3609393 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Asnawi, M. Natsir. (2014) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Hermeneutika Putusan Hakim: Pendekatan Multidisipliner dalam Memahami Putusan Peradilan Perdata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Yogyakarta: UII Press.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Butt, S. (2012). Asia Pasific \'93Illegitimate\'94 Children and Inheritance in Indonesia. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Legal Studies Research Paper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 (63).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid3609393 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Efendi, Jonaedi. (2018). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Rekonstruksi Dasar Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Hukum dan Rasa Keadilan yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Depok: Prenadamedia Group.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1033\langnp14345\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Hardjon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1033\langnp14345\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Philipus M. dan Tatiek Sri Djatmiati. (2005). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1033\langnp14345\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
Argumentasi Hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang14345\langfe1033\langnp14345\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , (Yogyakarta: Gajahmada University Press.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Ibn Abidin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 . (2003).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31545\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Radd al-Muht\'e2r \lquote Al\'e2 ad-Dur al-Mukht\'e2r Syarh Tanw\'eer al-Ab\u7779\'3f\'e2r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31545\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31545\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Juz IV, Riya\u7693\'3f: D\'e2r \lquote Alam al-Kutub.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-480\li480\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin480\itap0\pararsid3609393 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang14345\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp14345\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Ilma, M. (2016). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
Penetapan Hakim Tentang Asal Usul Anak Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 (Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Agama Bantul)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
 (Vol. 2010). UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Junaidi, Ahmad. (2013). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Wasiat Wajibah: Pergumulan antara Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam di Indonesia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia. (2014). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Disparitas Putusan Hakim \'cfdentifikasi dan Implikasi"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
. Sekjend Komisi Yudisial RI.
\par Marilang. (2016). Legal Relationship Between Illegitimate Children and Their Biological Father: The Analysis of Constitutional Court Decree No . 46 / PUU- VIII / 2010 in the Perspective of Civil and Islamic Law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Journal Of Indonesian Islam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (02), 335\endash 
354. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2016.10.2
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Mertokusumo, Sudikno dan A. Pitlo. (1993) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Bab-Bab tentang Penemuan Hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Mokoginta, B. (2017). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
Perlindungan Hak-Hak Keperdataan Anak Luar Kawin Dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 . Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Nafis, Muhammad Wahyuni et, al. (1995) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Kontekstualisasi Ajaran Islam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Jakarta: IPHI-Paramadina}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Nasution, K. (2016). Perlindungan terhadap anak dalam hukum keluarga islam indonesia. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Al-\rquote Adalah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 XIII}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (1), 1\endash 10.
\par Nurlaelawati, E., & Van Huis, S. C. (2019). The Status of Children Born Out of Wedlock and Adopted Children in Indonesia: Interactions Between Islamic, Adat , and Human Rights Norms. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Journal of Law and Religion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (3), 356\endash 
382. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2019.41
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid3609393 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Prakoso, Abintoro. (2016) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Penemuan Hukum: Sistem, Metode, Aliran dan Prosedur dalam Menemukan Hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Yogyakarta: LaksBang PRESSindo.
\par Rahardjo, Satjipto. (2007) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Membedah Hukum Progresif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Jakarta: Kompas.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid3609393 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang14345\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp14345\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Rifai, Ahmad. (2014). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Penemuan Hukum Oleh Hakim
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-480\li480\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin480\itap0\pararsid3609393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Rodes, Robert E. Jr., & Howard Pospesel. (1997). }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Premises and Conclusions, Symbolic Logic for Legal Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Yersey.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
Rosyad, S. (2017). Status Hukum Anak di Luar Perkawinan dalam Hukum Islam dan Implementasinya dalam Perkembangan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia ( Studi Tentang Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Jurnal Hukum Islam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (1), 155\endash 179.
\par Saifullah. (2014). Kajian Kritis Teori Hukum Progresif Terhadap Status Anak Luar Nikah Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Al-Manahij}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v8i2.415
\par Sarifudin. (2015). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Teori Maslahat 
At-Tufi dan Penerapannya, Dalam Analisis Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang Status Anak di Luar Perkawinan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
\par Sarmadi, A. S. (2012). Membebaskan Positivisme Hukum Ke Ranah Hukum Progresif (Studi Pembacaan Teks Hukum Bagi Penegak Hukum). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (2). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid3609393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Satrio, J. (2005). }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Hukum Keluarga tentang Anak dalam Undang-Undang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31503\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Bandung: Alumni.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-480\li480\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin480\itap0\pararsid3609393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Shidarta. (2013). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 Hukum Penalaran dan Penalaran Hukum: Akar Filosofis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 , Cet. I, Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3609393\charrsid3609393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Syamsudin, M. (2011). Rekonstruksi Pola Pikir Hakim dalam Memutuskan Perkara Korupsi Berbasis Hukum Progresif. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Jurnal Dinamika Hukum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 .
\par Tobroni, F. (2018). Asas Proporsionalitas Sebagai Moderasi Pandangan Hukum Diametral (Kajian Putusan Nomor 0156/Pdt.P/2013/PA.JS). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
Jurnal Yudisial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Vol. 11 No. 3 Desember 2018, 0156, 307\endash 325.
\par Wahyudi, M. I. (2017). Judges\rquote  Legal Reasoning on Child Protection: Analysis of Religious Courts\rquote  Decisions on the Case of Child Parentage. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 Al-Jami\rquote ah: Journal of Islamic Studies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 (
1), 127. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2017.551.127-154}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31503 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31503\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6362530\charrsid3609393 
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