Fatwa klausul sanksi dalam akad: studi komparatif fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dan Majma Fiqh Organisasi Konferensi Islam (OKI)

Abstract

Delaying obligation payment by the customer to the syariah financial institution in some countries
whose moslem as the majority, need solutions. One of them is determining Islamic organization fatwa.
International Islamic Fiqh Academy has declared fatwa of retributive condition of prohibition based on
the agreement between the bank and the customer, while Sharia Directory of Indonesia permits this.
Problem of this research is how the concept of retributive condition in those two organizations is and
what method used in determining fatwa of the retributive condition is. This research used qualitative
approach based on library research, while type of this research is comparative descriptive by using
istislahi approach. The result shows that there is significant difference between fatwa from International
Islamic Fiqh Academy and Sharia Directory of Indonesia in determining the kind of contrac, that can
accept retributive condition based on International Islamic Fiqh Academy, fine can not be applied in an
contrac which causes obligation, such as salam, transaction of installments and qard. Sharia Directory of
Indonesia decides that fine clause can be applied to any contrac which causes obligation. Determining
fatwa from majma fiqh uses saddu dzariah approach by giving attention to the carefulness norms in
consideration of maslahat and mafsadat. On the other side, Sharia Directory of Indonesia uses istislahi
method which puts maslahat as the priority, especially for syariah financial organizations.